Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Nano- Hydroxyapatite Based 3D Porous Scaffold for Biomedical Application

Tissue engineering evolved from the field of biomaterials development and refers to combining scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules into functional tissues. Tissue engineering is defined as a multidisciplinary scientific branch that combines cell biology, materials science and engineering, and regenerative medicine [1]. The goal of tissue engineering is to assemble such fully functional constructs that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissue or a whole organ. This innovative technology has attracted increasing attention as an alternative strategy to treat damaged organs and tissues that cannot be selfregenerated, such as full-thickness skin burn, over critical-sized bone defects, and chronic cartilage disease. Tissue engineering aims to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional clinical treatments associated with donor-site morbidity and scarcity in autografting and allografting (allografting also introduces the risk of disease and infection transmission) [2]. Developed as an artificial bone matrix, a tissue engineering scaffold plays an essential role in regenerating bone tissue.